Set 2

Explanation

The statement to be weakened is "New students will choose private universities with low costs".

To weaken this statement, we need to find a fact or argument showing that low cost is not the only reason, or that students are willing to pay a high price.

The option stating that new students will still choose a good private university even if it is expensive directly contradicts the conclusion that they only choose cheap ones. This shows that quality (lecturers and facilities) can outweigh the low-cost factor in their decision.

Thus, this argument weakens the statement that new students will only choose private universities with low costs.

Explanation

Let's analyze the given premises:

1. All residents of Nelayan Village are fish farmers.
2. Residents who have cultivation land $\rightarrow$ make organic feed.
3. Residents who do not have cultivation land $\rightarrow$ make inorganic feed.

Every resident must fall into one of two conditions: either they have land or they do not have land.

• If a resident has land, then they make organic feed.
• If a resident does not have land, then they make inorganic feed.

Since all residents belong to one of these two groups, it can be concluded that all residents must perform one of these two activities: making organic feed or making inorganic feed.

Therefore, the most correct conclusion is All residents of Nelayan Village make organic fish feed or inorganic fish feed.

Explanation

The residents' argument is: The increase in motorcycle theft is caused by security guards not performing their duties properly.

To weaken this argument, we need to find a fact showing that the security guards are actually performing their duties properly (so the cause of the theft might be another factor, not the guards' negligence).

The option stating that security guards patrol regularly shows that the guards have been doing their job (patrolling). This contradicts the residents' claim that the guards are not performing their duties properly.

Therefore, the fact that guards patrol regularly weakens the residents' accusation.

Explanation

Given:

1. Bananas contain a lot of vitamin B6 and little fat.
2. A child consumes bananas.

Thus, the child will get a lot of vitamin B6 and little fat.

We are asked to find the incorrect statement.

• The statement "The child will not get any fat" is incorrect. Because even though bananas contain little fat, they still contain some fat. "Little" is not the same as "none at all" (zero).

Therefore, the incorrect possibility is that the child will not get any fat.

Explanation

We need to calculate the percentage decrease for each option. The formula for percentage decrease is:

1. Shirts in 2011—2012:

   • Value 2011 = 50
   • Value 2012 = 35
   • Decrease = $\frac{50 - 35}{50} \times 100\% = \frac{15}{50} \times 100\% = 30\%$

2. Suits in 2014—2015:

   • Value 2014 = 60
   • Value 2015 = 50
   • Decrease = $\frac{60 - 50}{60} \times 100\% = \frac{10}{60} \times 100\% = 16.67\%$

3. Shirts in 2012—2013:

   • Value 2012 = 35
   • Value 2013 = 20
   • Decrease = $\frac{35 - 20}{35} \times 100\% = \frac{15}{35} \times 100\% \approx 42.86\%$

4. Suits in 2012—2013:

   • Value 2012 = 55
   • Value 2013 = 45
   • Decrease = $\frac{55 - 45}{55} \times 100\% = \frac{10}{55} \times 100\% \approx 18.18\%$

5. Pants in 2013—2014:

   • Value 2013 = 50
   • Value 2014 = 40
   • Decrease = $\frac{50 - 40}{50} \times 100\% = \frac{10}{50} \times 100\% = 20\%$

From the calculations above, the smallest percentage decrease is Suits in 2014—2015, which is 16.67%.

Explanation

We need to determine the sales pattern for each item to predict the sales volume in 2016.

Pattern Analysis

1. Shirts: Sales data is $50, 35, 20, 70, 55$.

   • The pattern shows a consistent decrease of $15$ ($50 \xrightarrow{-15} 35 \xrightarrow{-15} 20$ and $70 \xrightarrow{-15} 55$).
   • Prediction for 2016: $55 - 15 = 40$.

2. Pants: Sales data is $60, 60, 50, 40, 40$.

   • The changes are $0, -10, -10, 0$.
   • The pattern repeats the cycle of "constant, decrease, decrease". Following this, the next change is a decrease of $10$.
   • Prediction for 2016: $40 - 10 = 30$.

3. Suits: Sales data is $40, 55, 45, 60, 50$.

   • The changes are $+15, -10, +15, -10$.
   • The pattern alternates between adding $15$ and subtracting $10$. The next step is adding $15$.
   • Prediction for 2016: $50 + 15 = 65$.

Evaluating the Options

Using the predictions (Shirts = $40$, Pants = $30$, Suits = $65$):

1. Pants sales are 10 fewer than shirts: $30 = 40 - 10$ (Correct).
2. Suits sales are 35 more than pants: $65 = 30 + 35$ (Correct).
3. The total sales of shirts and pants is less than 70: $40 + 30 = 70$. Since $70$ is not less than $70$, this statement is incorrect.
4. Shirts sales are 10 more than pants: $40 = 30 + 10$ (Correct).
5. Pants sales are 35 less than suits: $30 = 65 - 35$ (Correct).

The question asks for the incorrect prediction. Therefore, the answer is The total sales of shirts and pants is less than 70.

Explanation

We will determine the number of password arrangements based on the position rules shown in the following table:

From the table above, we get the number of choices for each position:

• Position 1: Even digits (2, 4, 6, 8) have $4$ choices.
• Position 2: Vowels except E (A, I, U, O) have $4$ choices.
• Position 3: Digits from set $\{5, 6, 7\}$ have $3$ choices.
• Position 4: Letter U has only $1$ choice.

Since each position must be filled simultaneously, we use the multiplication rule:

Thus, there are $48$ possible password arrangements.

Explanation

We can solve this problem using direct proportion.

Given:

• Capacity of tool A = $3 \times$ capacity of tool B.
• Production of tool B in $5$ hours = $30$ units.

Steps:

1. Calculate the production of tool A in the same time period ($5$ hours). Since A's capacity is $3$ times B's, in $5$ hours:

   $$A_{5\text{hours}} = 3 \times 30 = 90 \text{ units}$$

2. Calculate the production of tool A in $2$ hours. Use the time ratio:

   $$A_{2\text{hours}} = \frac{2}{5} \times 90$$

   $$A_{2\text{hours}} = 2 \times 18$$

   $$A_{2\text{hours}} = 36 \text{ units}$$

Thus, in $2$ hours, tool A can produce $36$ units.

Explanation

From the given information, we know the following vocabulary:

• o!miaw = cat
• mee!ow = girl

The example sentence "o!miaw nmee!owi eng" means "a girl is watching a cat". Breaking down its structure:

This sentence pattern has specific rules:

1. The Object is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
2. The verb "watching" follows the pattern n ... i eng, where the Subject is inserted in the middle.
3. The 'w' at the end of the subject merges with 'i' to form 'wi' (mee!ow $\rightarrow$ nmee!owi).

To translate "a cat is watching a girl", we swap the subject and object:

• Subject: Cat (o!miaw)
• Object: Girl (mee!ow)

The arrangement becomes:

1. Object at the front: mee!ow
2. Predicate + Subject: Insert o!miaw into the pattern n ... i eng to become no!miawi eng.

Thus, the complete sentence is:

So, the answer is mee!ow no!miawi eng.

Explanation

First, let's calculate the total number of fruits in each box:

• Box 1: $1 + 2 + 4 + 5 = 12$ fruits.
• Box 2: $4 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 12$ fruits.
• Total Possibilities: $12 \times 12 = 144$ combinations.

We will calculate the probability for each option. Recall that the probability of independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities.

For the event 1 Large Apple & 1 Small Orange, there are two possible ways to obtain it:

1. Large Apple from Box 1 and Small Orange from Box 2 ($\frac{1}{12} \times \frac{3}{12}$).
2. Small Orange from Box 1 and Large Apple from Box 2 ($\frac{5}{12} \times \frac{4}{12}$).

These two probabilities are added together.

From the table above, we can see that the highest probability is obtaining 1 large apple and 1 small orange with a probability of $\frac{23}{144}$.

Thus, the most likely result is 1 large apple and 1 small orange.

Explanation

Based on the paragraph, until the end of April 2019, procurement realization was only $321,123$ tons or $1.78$ percent of this year's target. We can calculate the procurement target ($x$) as follows:

The calculated result is approximately $18$ million tons.

Therefore, the rice procurement target for 2019 is 18 million tons.

Explanation

Based on the paragraph, it is stated that: "If procurement is not optimal, the Government Rice Reserve (CBP) threatens to be insufficient, especially during the upcoming lean season. This means that government rice stocks threaten to be insufficient if rice procurement continues to decline."

From this statement, it can be concluded that if rice procurement is not optimal or continues to decline, then government rice stocks or CBP will be threatened to decrease.

Therefore, the most correct conclusion is government rice stocks or CBP (government rice reserves) will be threatened to decrease.

Explanation

Based on the first sentence of the paragraph: "Domestic absorption, which has tended to decline in the last three years, could impact increasingly large rice imports."

This statement shows the relationship between "domestic absorption" and "rice imports".

• If absorption declines (goes down), then imports become large (go up).
• A relationship where one variable increases while the other decreases is called an inversely proportional relationship.

Therefore, the most correct statement is the impact of domestic absorption on rice imports is inversely proportional.

Explanation

Based on the first sentence of the paragraph: "The low domestic rice absorption has the potential to weaken the price stability function at the farmer or producer level, which in turn erodes the purchasing power and welfare of farmers."

This statement explicitly states the consequences of low rice absorption, namely:

1. Weakening the price stability function at the farmer level.
2. The subsequent consequence is the erosion of farmers' purchasing power and welfare.

Therefore, the most appropriate answer is weak stability function at the farmer level which results in the erosion of farmers' purchasing power and welfare.

Explanation

Based on the chart:

The Government Purchase Price for GKP (Dry Harvested Grain) from January to April remained constant at Rp$3,700.00$/kg.

The line on the chart for "Government Purchase Price" appears flat (horizontal) from January to April, indicating no increase or decrease in price. A condition where a value does not change over a certain period is called stagnant.

Therefore, the most correct statement is the government purchase price for grain, specifically GKP, is stagnant or does not change from January—April.

Explanation

Drawing a conclusion using Syllogism.

Let:

• $p$ = Activity has been carried out.
• $q$ = Activity report is submitted.
• $r$ = Employee honorarium is paid.

Premise 1: If the activity has been carried out, then the activity report is submitted ($p \rightarrow q$).

Premise 2: If the activity report is submitted, then the employee honorarium is paid ($q \rightarrow r$).

The conclusion from these two premises is $p \rightarrow r$. The statement $p \rightarrow r$ is equivalent to its contrapositive, which is $\sim r \rightarrow \sim p$.

Meaning: "If the employee honorarium is not paid, it means the activity has not been carried out."

Therefore, the most appropriate conclusion is if the employee's honorarium is not paid, it means the activity has not been carried out.

Explanation

Analysis of book distribution based on student preferences and availability (only 1 copy for each type):

1. Reni: Likes only religious books. Since there are no other options for Reni, Reni must get the religious book.

2. Tita: Likes dictionaries and religious books.

   • Since the religious book has already been taken by Reni, the only remaining option for Tita is the dictionary.
   • Thus, Tita gets the dictionary.

Analysis for other students (additional context):

• Qila: Likes religious books and literature. Religion (Reni) is taken. So Qila gets literature.

• Putri: Likes science, literature, and history. Literature (Qila) is taken. Science and history remain.

• Sinta: Likes science, dictionaries, religious books, and literature. Dictionary (Tita), Religion (Reni), and Literature (Qila) are taken. Sinta must get science.

• Therefore, Putri gets history.

In conclusion, the book that must be given to Tita is the dictionary.

Explanation

Let's order the cooking times from the fastest (least time) to the slowest (most time).

1. "Beef takes longer to cook than lamb."

   • Meaning: $\text{Time(Beef)} > \text{Time(Lamb)}$.
   • Current order: $\text{Lamb} < \text{Beef}$.

2. "...but not longer than duck" (referring to Beef).

   • Meaning: $\text{Time(Beef)} < \text{Time(Duck)}$.
   • Current order: $\text{Lamb} < \text{Beef} < \text{Duck}$.

3. "Rabbit cooks faster than chicken."

   • Meaning: $\text{Time(Rabbit)} < \text{Time(Chicken)}$.
   • Current order: $\text{Rabbit} < \text{Chicken}$.

4. "...but takes longer than duck" (referring to Rabbit).

   • Meaning: $\text{Time(Rabbit)} > \text{Time(Duck)}$.
   • Current order: $\text{Duck} < \text{Rabbit} < \text{Chicken}$.

If we combine all the information, the order of cooking time from fastest to slowest is:

Therefore, the meat that cooks the fastest is lamb.

Explanation

Drawing a conclusion using Disjunctive Syllogism.

Let:

• $p$ = Community service to clean gutters is carried out.
• $q$ = Community service to collect used goods is carried out.

Premise 1: On Sunday, community service will be held to clean the gutters or collect used goods ($p \lor q$).

Premise 2: On Sunday, it rained, so the community service to clean the gutters could not be carried out ($\sim p$).

The conclusion from these two premises is:

Meaning: On Sunday, community service to collect used goods was carried out.

Explanation

Statistics Indonesia (BPS) data records the national export value of ready-made clothing throughout 2018:

• Destination country US = US$ $3.78$ billion.
• Destination country Japan = US$ $740.9$ million (approx. US$ $0.74$ billion).
• Destination country Germany = US$ $372.48$ million (approx. US$ $0.37$ billion).

The text states that Japan is the second largest export destination. Since the export value to the United States (US$ $3.78$ billion) is much larger than to Japan, and no other country is mentioned as having a higher value, it can be concluded that the United States is the main market (the first largest).

Therefore, the most likely correct conclusion is The main market for Indonesia's ready-made clothing products is the United States.