Question 3

Explanation

Based on the passage, we can construct a chain of cause and effect (implication) from the events described. Let's define the following statements:

• $P$: Not brushing teeth regularly every day.
• $Q$: Food debris remains in the mouth.
• $R$: Bacteria grow on the debris.
• $S$: Releasing unpleasant-smelling compounds causing bad breath.
• $T$: Forming dental plaque.

The logical flow in the text is sequential: $P \rightarrow Q \rightarrow R \rightarrow S \rightarrow T$.

Using the principle of Hypothetical Syllogism, we can deduce a direct relationship between the initial cause and the final effect:

This means, "If one does not brush teeth regularly every day ($P$), then dental plaque will form ($T$)."

The question asks for the conclusion if dental plaque is not formed ($\sim T$). We can use the Modus Tollens rule:

The conclusion is $\sim P$ (the negation of $P$). Since $P$ is "Not brushing teeth regularly every day", then $\sim P$ is "Brushing teeth regularly every day".