Set 1

$(1)$ For a long time, people have wondered where dreams come from. $(2)$ To be honest, scientists still do not fully understand where dreams originate, but we have some hypotheses. $(3)$ Dreaming is like imagining something while we sleep, so we could say dreams come from our imagination. $(4)$ As we know, our imagination can be very powerful—if we try to imagine our favorite food, it might make our mouths water. $(5)$ Sleeping is like putting a computer into sleep mode. $(6)$ The computer is not completely turned off, but it is not working. $(7)$ When we enter sleep mode, we can rest and conserve our energy, but we do not completely shut down. $(8)$ When we sleep, the brain is not dead; it keeps working, but not as hard as when we are awake. $(9)$ However, the part of the brain that helps us make decisions when we are awake will rest. $(10)$ That is when our imagination can run wild.

$(11)$ Researchers investigating the reasons we dream have found that most people's dreams tend to be about common things that happen in our lives, for example, playing with friends, or dreaming about things that might be important to us, such as an upcoming birthday celebration. $(12)$ We suspect the same thing happens with dreaming animals. $(13)$ Cats usually dream about chasing something because that is what cats think about a lot when they are awake. $(14)$ Scientists have found that when we dream about something, it might help us remember that thing better when we wake up. $(15)$ So, maybe our dreams help make stronger memories. $(16)$ This is why children need enough good sleep every night to help them remember what they have learned each day.

The main issue of the text is ....

$(1)$ For a long time, people have wondered where dreams come from. $(2)$ To be honest, scientists still do not fully understand where dreams originate, but we have some hypotheses. $(3)$ Dreaming is like imagining something while we sleep, so we could say dreams come from our imagination. $(4)$ As we know, our imagination can be very powerful—if we try to imagine our favorite food, it might make our mouths water. $(5)$ Sleeping is like putting a computer into sleep mode. $(6)$ The computer is not completely turned off, but it is not working. $(7)$ When we enter sleep mode, we can rest and conserve our energy, but we do not completely shut down. $(8)$ When we sleep, the brain is not dead; it keeps working, but not as hard as when we are awake. $(9)$ However, the part of the brain that helps us make decisions when we are awake will rest. $(10)$ That is when our imagination can run wild.

$(11)$ Researchers investigating the reasons we dream have found that most people's dreams tend to be about common things that happen in our lives, for example, playing with friends, or dreaming about things that might be important to us, such as an upcoming birthday celebration. $(12)$ We suspect the same thing happens with dreaming animals. $(13)$ Cats usually dream about chasing something because that is what cats think about a lot when they are awake. $(14)$ Scientists have found that when we dream about something, it might help us remember that thing better when we wake up. $(15)$ So, maybe our dreams help make stronger memories. $(16)$ This is why children need enough good sleep every night to help them remember what they have learned each day.

The word awake in sentence $(9)$ of the text is an antonym of the word ....

$(1)$ For a long time, people have wondered where dreams come from. $(2)$ To be honest, scientists still do not fully understand where dreams originate, but we have some hypotheses. $(3)$ Dreaming is like imagining something while we sleep, so we could say dreams come from our imagination. $(4)$ As we know, our imagination can be very powerful—if we try to imagine our favorite food, it might make our mouths water. $(5)$ Sleeping is like putting a computer into sleep mode. $(6)$ The computer is not completely turned off, but it is not working. $(7)$ When we enter sleep mode, we can rest and conserve our energy, but we do not completely shut down. $(8)$ When we sleep, the brain is not dead; it keeps working, but not as hard as when we are awake. $(9)$ However, the part of the brain that helps us make decisions when we are awake will rest. $(10)$ That is when our imagination can run wild.

$(11)$ Researchers investigating the reasons we dream have found that most people's dreams tend to be about common things that happen in our lives, for example, playing with friends, or dreaming about things that might be important to us, such as an upcoming birthday celebration. $(12)$ We suspect the same thing happens with dreaming animals. $(13)$ Cats usually dream about chasing something because that is what cats think about a lot when they are awake. $(14)$ Scientists have found that when we dream about something, it might help us remember that thing better when we wake up. $(15)$ So, maybe our dreams help make stronger memories. $(16)$ This is why children need enough good sleep every night to help them remember what they have learned each day.

The conjunction however in sentence $(8)$ should be replaced with ....

$(1)$ For a long time, people have wondered where dreams come from. $(2)$ To be honest, scientists still do not fully understand where dreams originate, but we have some hypotheses. $(3)$ Dreaming is like imagining something while we sleep, so we could say dreams come from our imagination. $(4)$ As we know, our imagination can be very powerful—if we try to imagine our favorite food, it might make our mouths water. $(5)$ Sleeping is like putting a computer into sleep mode. $(6)$ The computer is not completely turned off, but it is not working. $(7)$ When we enter sleep mode, we can rest and conserve our energy, but we do not completely shut down. $(8)$ When we sleep, the brain is not dead; it keeps working, but not as hard as when we are awake. $(9)$ However, the part of the brain that helps us make decisions when we are awake will rest. $(10)$ That is when our imagination can run wild.

$(11)$ Researchers investigating the reasons we dream have found that most people's dreams tend to be about common things that happen in our lives, for example, playing with friends, or dreaming about things that might be important to us, such as an upcoming birthday celebration. $(12)$ We suspect the same thing happens with dreaming animals. $(13)$ Cats usually dream about chasing something because that is what cats think about a lot when they are awake. $(14)$ Scientists have found that when we dream about something, it might help us remember that thing better when we wake up. $(15)$ So, maybe our dreams help make stronger memories. $(16)$ This is why children need enough good sleep every night to help them remember what they have learned each day.

The appropriate conclusion for the text is ....

$(1)$ While scientists around the world are trying to figure out the origin of the coronavirus, other virologists continue to struggle to pursue the origins of another disease that once wreaked havoc on the world, namely smallpox. $(2)$ The good news is, traces of the smallpox disease are finally beginning to appear. $(3)$ Researchers successfully found viral DNA from an extinct type of ancient smallpox present in the archaeological remains of the Viking Age in northern Europe. $(4)$ The earliest DNA sample dates back to 603 BCE. $(5)$ This finding provides genetic evidence that the origin of smallpox emerged at least 1,400 years earlier than previously recorded.

$(6)$ As quoted from Medicalxpress, Friday (24/7/2020), an international research team has sequenced the genome of the virus strain found in Viking teeth across Viking-era burial sites in Northern Europe. $(7)$ "We discovered a new smallpox strain in Viking teeth, and the genetic structure of that smallpox differs from the modern smallpox virus eradicated in the 20th century. $(8)$ We know Vikings traveled to Europe and beyond, and they suffered from smallpox. $(9)$ So, it is also possible that the Vikings spread smallpox," stated Eske Willerslev, the lead researcher of this study. $(10)$ Furthermore, researchers mentioned that the 1,400-year-old genetic information is crucial because it teaches us about the evolutionary history of the variola virus, which causes smallpox.

The topic of the reading text is ....

$(1)$ As scientists worldwide are trying to find the origin of the coronavirus, other virologists continue to struggle to trace the origins of another disease that once devastated the world, namely smallpox. $(2)$ The good news is, traces of the smallpox disease are finally beginning to appear. $(3)$ Researchers have successfully discovered the viral DNA of an extinct ancient smallpox strain found in Viking-era archaeological remains in northern Europe. $(4)$ The earliest DNA samples date back to 603 BCE. $(5)$ This finding provides genetic evidence that the origin of smallpox emerged at least 1,400 years earlier than previously recorded.

$(6)$ As quoted from Medicalxpress, Friday (24/7/2020), an international research team has sequenced the genome of virus strains found in Viking teeth across Viking-era burial sites in Northern Europe. $(7)$ "We discovered new smallpox strains in Viking teeth and the genetic structure of the smallpox is different from the modern smallpox virus eradicated in the 20th century. $(8)$ We know Vikings traveled to Europe and its surroundings and they suffered from smallpox. $(9)$ Thus, it is also possible that Vikings spread smallpox," stated Eske Willerslev, the lead researcher of this study. $(10)$ Furthermore, researchers stated that the 1,400-year-old genetic information is highly important because it teaches us about the evolutionary history of the variola virus that causes smallpox.

Which statement is related to the text?

$(1)$ As scientists worldwide are trying to find the origin of the coronavirus, other virologists continue to struggle to trace the origins of another disease that once devastated the world, namely smallpox. $(2)$ The good news is, traces of the smallpox disease are finally beginning to appear. $(3)$ Researchers have successfully discovered the viral DNA of an extinct ancient smallpox strain found in Viking-era archaeological remains in northern Europe. $(4)$ The earliest DNA samples date back to 603 BCE. $(5)$ This finding provides genetic evidence that the origin of smallpox emerged at least 1,400 years earlier than previously recorded.

$(6)$ As quoted from Medicalxpress, Friday (24/7/2020), an international research team has sequenced the genome of virus strains found in Viking teeth across Viking-era burial sites in Northern Europe. $(7)$ "We discovered new smallpox strains in Viking teeth and the genetic structure of the smallpox is different from the modern smallpox virus eradicated in the 20th century. $(8)$ We know Vikings traveled to Europe and its surroundings and they suffered from smallpox. $(9)$ Thus, it is also possible that Vikings spread smallpox," stated Eske Willerslev, the lead researcher of this study. $(10)$ Furthermore, researchers stated that the 1,400-year-old genetic information is highly important because it teaches us about the evolutionary history of the variola virus that causes smallpox.

In the text, there is a word usage that is inappropriate for the context of the sentence, which is ....

$(1)$ As scientists worldwide are trying to find the origin of the coronavirus, other virologists continue to struggle to trace the origins of another disease that once devastated the world, namely smallpox. $(2)$ The good news is, traces of the smallpox disease are finally beginning to appear. $(3)$ Researchers have successfully discovered the viral DNA of an extinct ancient smallpox strain found in Viking-era archaeological remains in northern Europe. $(4)$ The earliest DNA samples date back to 603 BCE. $(5)$ This finding provides genetic evidence that the origin of smallpox emerged at least 1,400 years earlier than previously recorded.

$(6)$ As quoted from Medicalxpress, Friday (24/7/2020), an international research team has sequenced the genome of virus strains found in Viking teeth across Viking-era burial sites in Northern Europe. $(7)$ "We discovered new smallpox strains in Viking teeth and the genetic structure of the smallpox is different from the modern smallpox virus eradicated in the 20th century. $(8)$ We know Vikings traveled to Europe and its surroundings and they suffered from smallpox. $(9)$ Thus, it is also possible that Vikings spread smallpox," stated Eske Willerslev, the lead researcher of this study. $(10)$ Furthermore, researchers stated that the 1,400-year-old genetic information is highly important because it teaches us about the evolutionary history of the variola virus that causes smallpox.

The meaning of the word evolution in the text is ....

$(1)$ During the corona pandemic, the trend of exercising has increasingly risen. $(2)$ However, there is also an increase in the issue of health impacts that can arise from various sports activities amidst this ongoing pandemic. $(3)$ When responding to various issues circulating in society related to sports, sports medicine specialist and director of the Slim & Health Sports Center, dr. Michael Triangto, Sp. K. O., spoke up. $(4)$ Michael revealed that there is indeed a lot of information confusion and the public should know which information is a myth regarding exercising amidst this pandemic.

The main idea of the paragraph is ....

$(1)$ During the corona pandemic, the trend of sports has been increasing. $(2)$ However, health impact issues that can arise from various sports activities in the midst of this unending pandemic are also increasing. $(3)$ When responding to various issues circulating in society and related to sports, sports medicine specialist and director of Slim & Health Sports Center, dr. Michael Triangto, Sp. K. O. spoke up. $(4)$ Michael revealed that there is indeed a lot of confusing information and the public should know which information is a myth about exercising in the midst of this pandemic.

The word increasing in sentence $(1)$ of the text is an antonym to the word ....

$(1)$ During the corona pandemic, the trend of sports has been increasing. $(2)$ However, health impact issues that can arise from various sports activities in the midst of this unending pandemic are also increasing. $(3)$ When responding to various issues circulating in society and related to sports, sports medicine specialist and director of Slim & Health Sports Center, dr. Michael Triangto, Sp. K. O. spoke up. $(4)$ Michael revealed that there is indeed a lot of confusing information and the public should know which information is a myth about exercising in the midst of this pandemic.

The word confusion in the text corresponds to the word ....

$(1)$ During the corona pandemic, the trend of sports has been increasing. $(2)$ However, health impact issues that can arise from various sports activities in the midst of this unending pandemic are also increasing. $(3)$ When responding to various issues circulating in society and related to sports, sports medicine specialist and director of Slim & Health Sports Center, dr. Michael Triangto, Sp. K. O. spoke up. $(4)$ Michael revealed that there is indeed a lot of confusing information and the public should know which information is a myth about exercising in the midst of this pandemic.

The phrase spoke up in the text means ....

$(1)$ The frost phenomenon in the Dieng plateau, Banjarnegara, Central Java, became a topic of discussion among Twitter netizens on Sunday (26/7/2020) morning. $(2)$ They were fascinated by the beauty of the expanse of grass covered in clear ice crystals. $(3)$ Head of the Banjarnegara Tourist Attraction Management UPTD, Sri Utami, said that this frost phenomenon usually occurs from July to September and happens every year.

$(4)$ Currently, the visible frost is still in its early phase and has not yet reached its peak. $(5)$ "Today (the temperature) was minus 3 degrees," said Uut, her familiar nickname, when contacted by Kompas.com, Sunday (26/7/2020). $(6)$ The beauty of the "embun upas", as local residents usually call this phenomenon, is evidenced by the increasing number of tourists visiting the Dieng plateau. $(7)$ On Saturday (25/7/2020) yesterday, tourists visiting Dieng reached 1,200 people. $(8)$ Considering that Dieng is currently only open limitedly to tourists from DIY (Special Region of Yogyakarta) and Central Java, this number is considered to have tripled.

The main idea of sentence $(2)$ in the text is ....

$(1)$ The frost phenomenon in the Dieng plateau, Banjarnegara, Central Java, became a topic of discussion among Twitter netizens on Sunday (26/7/2020) morning. $(2)$ They were fascinated by the beauty of the expanse of grass covered in clear ice crystals. $(3)$ Head of the Banjarnegara Tourist Attraction Management UPTD, Sri Utami, said that this frost phenomenon usually occurs from July to September and happens every year.

$(4)$ Currently, the visible frost is still in its early phase and has not yet reached its peak. $(5)$ "Today (the temperature) was minus 3 degrees," said Uut, her familiar nickname, when contacted by Kompas.com, Sunday (26/7/2020). $(6)$ The beauty of the "embun upas", as local residents usually call this phenomenon, is evidenced by the increasing number of tourists visiting the Dieng plateau. $(7)$ On Saturday (25/7/2020) yesterday, tourists visiting Dieng reached 1,200 people. $(8)$ Considering that Dieng is currently only open limitedly to tourists from DIY (Special Region of Yogyakarta) and Central Java, this number is considered to have tripled.

The sentence that has the same pattern as sentence $(7)$ is ....

$(1)$ The frost phenomenon in the Dieng plateau, Banjarnegara, Central Java, became a topic of discussion among Twitter netizens on Sunday (26/7/2020) morning. $(2)$ They were fascinated by the beauty of the expanse of grass covered in clear ice crystals. $(3)$ Head of the Banjarnegara Tourist Attraction Management UPTD, Sri Utami, said that this frost phenomenon usually occurs from July to September and happens every year.

$(4)$ Currently, the visible frost is still in its early phase and has not yet reached its peak. $(5)$ "Today (the temperature) was minus 3 degrees," said Uut, her familiar nickname, when contacted by Kompas.com, Sunday (26/7/2020). $(6)$ The beauty of the "embun upas", as local residents usually call this phenomenon, is evidenced by the increasing number of tourists visiting the Dieng plateau. $(7)$ On Saturday (25/7/2020) yesterday, tourists visiting Dieng reached 1,200 people. $(8)$ Considering that Dieng is currently only open limitedly to tourists from DIY (Special Region of Yogyakarta) and Central Java, this number is considered to have tripled.

The phrase that has the same form as local residents in sentence $(6)$ is ....

$(1)$ The frost phenomenon in the Dieng plateau, Banjarnegara, Central Java, became a topic of discussion among Twitter netizens on Sunday (26/7/2020) morning. $(2)$ They were fascinated by the beauty of the expanse of grass covered in clear ice crystals. $(3)$ Head of the Banjarnegara Tourist Attraction Management UPTD, Sri Utami, said that this frost phenomenon usually occurs from July to September and happens every year.

$(4)$ Currently, the visible frost is still in its early phase and has not yet reached its peak. $(5)$ "Today (the temperature) was minus 3 degrees," said Uut, her familiar nickname, when contacted by Kompas.com, Sunday (26/7/2020). $(6)$ The beauty of the "embun upas", as local residents usually call this phenomenon, is evidenced by the increasing number of tourists visiting the Dieng plateau. $(7)$ On Saturday (25/7/2020) yesterday, tourists visiting Dieng reached 1,200 people. $(8)$ Considering that Dieng is currently only open limitedly to tourists from DIY (Special Region of Yogyakarta) and Central Java, this number is considered to have tripled.

The grammatical meaning of the word limited in sentence $(8)$ is the same as the italicized word in ....

$(1)$ Sixty years ago when he was in school, the walls of his classroom were hung with pictures of heroes. $(2)$ Also national figures. $(3)$ Of course they had done something extraordinary for their nation. $(3)$ Mardanu also knew from people's stories. $(4)$ His own uncle was a fighter who fell in the war of independence. $(5)$ People often praised the late uncle. $(6)$ The story about the uncle was then developed by Mardanu himself into an image of heroism: a young fighter with a bayonet rifle, a red-and-white ribbon headband, advancing courageously to attack the enemy, then collapsing to the ground and falling while embracing the motherland.

The word that is changed to be more polite by the author in the text is ....

$(1)$ Sixty years ago when he was in school, the walls of his classroom were hung with pictures of heroes. $(2)$ Also national figures. $(3)$ Of course they had done something extraordinary for their nation. $(3)$ Mardanu also knew from people's stories. $(4)$ His own uncle was a fighter who fell in the war of independence. $(5)$ People often praised the late uncle. $(6)$ The story about the uncle was then developed by Mardanu himself into an image of heroism: a young fighter with a bayonet rifle, a red-and-white ribbon headband, advancing courageously to attack the enemy, then collapsing to the ground and falling while embracing the motherland.

The incomplete sentence is found in sentence ....

Pay attention to the following text!

$(1)$ Mardanu was very impressed by the heroic story. $(2)$ Therefore, Mardanu enlisted in the army at the age of nineteen. $(3)$ His diploma was only junior high school and he was accepted as an enlisted soldier. $(4)$ His joy overflowed when he was selected and assigned as an air defense artillery gunner. $(5)$ His heart pounded and he shed tears when he was first trained to fire his weapon. $(6)$ Ten large bullets would dance into the sky within one second. $(7)$ "Enemy planes will surely explode and then fall apart when hit by the shots of this great weapon," Mardanu always imagined.

The sentence that uses a comparison of behaving like a human is seen in sentence ....

$(1)$ Development investment must refer to disaster risk reduction or mitigation so that buildings do not increase the vulnerability of residents. $(2)$ Therefore, strict supervision and law enforcement are needed for those who violate building standards. $(3)$ According to the Deputy for Systems and Strategy of BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency), Wisnu Widaja, on Thursday (1/8/2019) in Jakarta, disasters are not only a humanitarian issue, ... also development investment. $(4)$ Besides early warning systems, development investment becomes an important element in disaster risk reduction so that development can reduce vulnerability rather than increasing it.

$(5)$ Currently, 75 percent of basic industrial and connectivity infrastructure, including its supporting infrastructure, is built in disaster hazard zones. $(6)$ For example, Bitung City in North Sulawesi, which is being developed as a port, has a tsunami potential, but many parties are not yet aware of it. $(7)$ In addition, 497,576 schools in 34 provinces are located in disaster hazard areas so that more than 10 million students are at risk of being affected by disasters. $(8)$ Therefore, the structures of those school buildings must be strengthened.

$(9)$ To reduce disaster risk, a number of steps can be applied, including by understanding disaster threats: the risk must be managed through regulations before starting an investment. $(10)$ Another step is disaster simulation exercises.

The main problem of the text is ....