Water pollution in Indonesia is currently getting more concerning. Water pollution can be defined as a change in the state of a water reservoir, such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater due to human activities. This change results in a decrease in water quality to a dangerous level so that the water cannot be used for its intended purpose. In natural phenomena, such as volcanoes, storms, earthquakes, and others, they also cause changes to water quality, but in this sense, it is not considered pollution. Water pollution, whether in rivers, seas, lakes, or groundwater, is increasingly becoming a problem in Indonesia just like air pollution and soil pollution. Getting clean, unpolluted water is not an easy thing, even in rivers on mountain slopes.
Water pollution in Indonesia is mostly caused by human activities that leave behind settlement waste, agricultural waste, and industrial waste, including mining. Settlement waste has the meaning of any pollutants produced by residential areas or households. Settlement or household waste can come from laundry soap, bath soap, or shampoo. Agricultural waste has the meaning of any pollutants that produce agricultural activities, such as the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Meanwhile, industrial waste has the meaning of any pollutants produced by industrial activities which often produce hazardous and toxic materials (B3).
The Asian Development Bank (2008) once mentioned that water pollution in Indonesia caused losses of 45 trillion rupiah per year. The costs resulting from this water pollution include health costs, the cost of providing clean water, loss of productive time, poor tourism image, and high infant mortality rates. Another equally detrimental impact of water pollution is the disruption of the environment, ecosystems, and biodiversity. Polluted water can kill various organisms that live in the water.
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