Question 12

Explanation

The core of a sentence is the main information formed by its principal elements, such as the Subject (S), Predicate (P), Object (O), and Complement (if any). Additional elements like adjuncts (adverbs) or expansions (subordinate clauses) are not included in the sentence core.

Let's break down the elements in sentence $(1)$:

• Summer = Subject
• usually = Adjunct (Adverb)
• makes = Predicate
• children = Object
• happier = Complement
• enjoying outdoor activities = Adjunct (Adverbial phrase)

If we extract only the main information by removing the adverbs and expansions, the core of sentence $(1)$ in the text is Summer makes children happy.