Struggle to Maintain Independence
Fierce battles defending independence from colonizers attempting to return.
Formation of the State and Government of Republic of Indonesia
Upheaval in Early Revolution
Weapons Seizure and Power Takeover from Japanese
Arrival of Allies and NICA
Medan Area Battle
Bandung Sea of Fire
Ambarawa Battle
Surabaya Battle
Palembang Battle
Margarana Puputan
Makassar Battle
Diplomacy and Guerrilla Struggle
Transition from RIS to NKRI
Role of Women
Role of Artists and Writers
Role of Students
Liberal Democracy to Guided Democracy
Turbulent political transition from liberal system to Sukarno's centralized leadership.
New Order Indonesia
Authoritarian stability era building economy while limiting political freedom.
Three People's Demands Action (Tritura)
March 11th Order Letter (Supersemar)
National Leadership Dualism
Shifting Political Axis to Implementing Three-Color Politics
Economy as Development Commander
Establishing Hegemony through Social and Cultural Aspects
Response and Resistance to Suharto Government Economic and Political Policies
End of New Order Government
Reformation Era Indonesia
Democratic awakening opening Indonesia's new era of freedom and transparency.
Definition of Revolution
Definition of Reformation
Moments Leading to Reformation
Expansion and Development of Education Access
Open Civil Service Recruitment
State Institution Reform
Labor Regulations More Favorable to Workers
Regional Autonomy
Freedom of Opinion and Political Aspiration
Political Party Development
Direct Elections
Press Freedom and Citizen Journalism
Transportation Infrastructure Development to Borders
Technology and Social Infrastructure Development
Aceh Earthquake and Tsunami
Yogyakarta Earthquake and Mount Merapi Eruption
Palu Earthquake, Tsunami, and Liquefaction