Set 1

Explanation

To determine the least true statement, we need to compare each option with the information provided in the text.

The statement that the Cukurgondang Kemtan Agricultural Technology Research and Development Installation Garden was established in $1941$ and has an area of thirteen hectares is true. This is stated in the last sentence of the text.

The statement regarding visitors being interested in taking pictures of mangoes of various shapes, colors, and sizes is also true. The second sentence explains that various types of mangoes attracted visitors to take pictures, even selfies.

The statement about the various kinds of mangoes exhibited containing names that broadened insight is also consistent with the text. It is mentioned that the description of mango names provided knowledge that there are hundreds of mango types in the world.

The statement that the garden initially only had $208$ mango varieties with $289$ accessions is also true, according to the last sentence.

However, the statement that in Pasuruan there are people's plantations cultivating various types of mangoes from domestic and foreign origins is not fully supported by the text. The text only mentions that PIMN became a momentum for farmers and producers in Pasuruan to display or showcase their harvests consisting of various types of mangoes from East Java, West Java, superior varieties, and abroad. The text does not explicitly state that Pasuruan farmers (people's plantations) cultivate those foreign mangoes; they might just be displaying them as part of the exhibition or collection from KIPPTP. Therefore, this statement is the least true compared to the others which have strong textual bases.

Explanation

To find the most true statement, we need to analyze each answer choice based on the information in the text.

The statement that crossbreeding methods and selection methods are used by researchers in exploring mango germplasm collections is the most accurate statement. The text mentions that through the exploration of the germplasm collection, researchers use two paths (methods), namely the selection method and the crossbreeding method. Both methods are part of the researchers' efforts in utilizing and developing the collection. Although the question mark at the end of the sentence in the answer choice might be confusing, content-wise this statement aligns with the fact that researchers use both methods in the context of their research.

The statement regarding type $65$ F1 being obtained by local farmers is incorrect. The text explicitly states that researchers (not local farmers) performed the crossbreeding and obtained that type.

The statement that denarum agrihorti mango is a result of selection is incorrect. The text mentions that denarum agrihorti is one of the two variants resulting from crossbreeding.

The statement regarding the characteristics of agri gardina-45 mango is also incorrect. The description "medium fruit flesh, low fiber quantity, sweet slightly sour taste, and high vitamin C content" in the text is attached to the denarum agrihorti mango (mentioned after this variety name and the dash), not agri gardina-45.

The statement that Indonesia has become a world reference is not mentioned at all in the text. The text only discusses the collection in the state-owned garden, Ministry of Agriculture research, and export consumer preferences (Japan).

Therefore, the most true statement is the one regarding the use of crossbreeding and selection methods by researchers.

Explanation

To determine which statement is possibly true, we need to compare each answer choice with the facts presented in the text.

The statement that The energy sector and the forestry sector are the largest contributors to carbon emissions according to Indonesia's national emission reduction target is the most appropriate and consistent with the text. The first sentence of the paragraph explicitly states: "Based on Indonesia's national emission reduction target (NDC/Nationally Determined Contributions), the largest contributors to carbon emissions are the forestry sector ($47.8$ percent) and the energy sector ($34.5$ percent)." Although the order of mention in the answer choice (energy then forestry) differs slightly from the text (forestry then energy), the substance remains the same that both sectors are the largest contributors.

Let's analyze why the other choices are less appropriate:

1. Claire O’Neil asked the UK for help...: The text states that Claire O’Neil (as a UK/COP 26 representative) offered assistance, not asked the UK for help.
2. Indonesia is struggling with the problem...: The text does not mention a struggle between renewable energy and the cheapest energy. It only mentions a contradiction between the direction of energy sector development and emission reduction targets.
3. The Deputy Minister of Environment and Forestry disagrees...: There is no information in the text regarding the agreement or disagreement of the Deputy Minister.
4. The plan to add 27 GW PLTU... produces 200 million tons...: The text states "This will generate an additional 200 million tons of carbon emissions per year". The word "additional" is crucial as it indicates an increase in emissions, not the total emissions produced. The answer choice omits the word "additional" before "200 million tons", which could change the meaning to total emission production.

Therefore, the most accurate statement directly supported by the text is regarding the energy and forestry sectors as the largest emission contributors.

Explanation

To answer this question, we need to understand the cause-and-effect relationship explained in the text. The text states that the success in increasing agricultural production has a consequence, namely that the import of food commodities can be suppressed. This means the condition of "imports being suppressed" occurs when "production increases/is spurred".

Furthermore, the text explains that the opportunity to spur food production is still wide open. One specifically mentioned way is narrowing the productivity gap between farmers in Java and outside Java.

Therefore, if we talk about the condition where imports can be suppressed (which is the result of increased production), then it is closely related to the efforts to spur production itself, one of which is done by narrowing the farmer gap. The answer choice stating "Food production is spurred, one of the ways is by narrowing the gap between farmers in Java and outside Java" is the most relevant statement supported by the text as the context of the success in suppressing imports.

Other options are not supported by the text:

1. Appropriate programs are needed...: The text mentions that government programs have already been successful, not just "needed".
2. In accordance with regional elements: Not specifically mentioned.
3. Farmers freely... without danger of imports: This is an excessive assumption and not in the text.
4. Producing agricultural land: This phrase is ambiguous (land is not produced by farmers) and does not fit the context.

Explanation

To answer this question, we need to pay attention to the last sentence in the second paragraph which has a causal relationship with the previous sentence.

The text states: "This certainly cannot be separated from the success of various government programs focused on efforts to increase production by spurring productivity (intensification) and land area (extensification). In this case, the government's serious efforts and strong commitment are reflected in the total expenditure on agricultural production facilities and infrastructure which reached the range of $70$ percent of the total Ministry of Agriculture budget (Kemtan $2018$)."

The phrase "In this case" refers to the context of efforts to increase production through intensification and extensification mentioned earlier. Thus, the implication or reflection of the program's focus is the existence of serious efforts and government commitment seen from the budget allocation of $70$ percent.

Therefore, the most appropriate answer choice is "there are serious efforts and strong commitment from the government reflected in the total expenditure on agricultural production facilities and infrastructure reaching $70$ percent of the total Ministry of Agriculture budget."

Other options are incorrect because:

1. There must be a comprehensive effort... exceed 70 percent: The text does not state a necessity to exceed $70$ percent, but rather the fact that the budget reached the range of $70$ percent.
2. Laws restricting imports...: There is no mention of laws restricting imports as a direct result of the intensification/extensification focus in this text.
3. The best program is needed... so that exports are achieved: The focus of the text is on increasing production and suppressing imports, not achieving export targets.
4. Cooperation between farmers and the government... clear laws: There is no discussion about legal basis or vocation in this context.

Explanation

A conclusion is a statement that summarizes or captures the essence of the entire text or important parts of the text. To find the most likely true conclusion, we must look for a statement that covers the main idea and is supported by facts in the text.

The statement "The Ministry of Agriculture has successfully increased agricultural production significantly in the last four years so that imports of a number of food commodities can be suppressed" is the most appropriate conclusion. This statement is a combination of the first two sentences in the text which form the core of the entire paragraph. The first sentence states the success of increasing production, and the second sentence states the consequence, namely the suppression of imports. Other facts in the text (statistical data on rice and corn production increases, intensification/extensification programs) serve as explanations or support for this core statement.

Analysis of other options:

1. ... reducing imports of various types of oil and gas and non-oil and gas commodities: The text only discusses food (agricultural) commodities, not oil and gas.
2. Closing the tap on imports...: The text states imports "can be suppressed" (reduced), not "closed" completely. Moreover, the causal relationship is reversed; increased production causes imports to be suppressed, not closing imports spurring productivity.
3. The success of various programs... in accordance with commitment: This is a supporting statement found at the end of the text, not the main conclusion of the entire text.
4. Efforts to spur production... narrowing the gap: This is also a supporting statement or detail of the method, not the main conclusion.

Explanation

To find the difference in the average increase of rice production, we need to look at the statistical data mentioned in the second paragraph of the text:

1. The average increase in rice production throughout $2014 - 2018$ was $3.0$ percent.
2. The average increase in rice production throughout $2010 - 2014$ was $1.39$ percent.

The difference in increase can be calculated by subtracting the smaller percentage value from the larger one:

So, the difference in the average increase of rice production between the two periods is $1.61\%$.

Explanation

To calculate the expenditure on agricultural production facilities and infrastructure, we need to use the percentage information found in the text.

Given:

1. Total expenditure on agricultural production facilities and infrastructure reached the range of $70$ percent of the total Ministry of Agriculture budget.
2. The total Ministry of Agriculture budget in $2018$ was $Rp100,000,000,000.00$.

Calculation:

So, the amount of expenditure on agricultural production facilities and infrastructure is $Rp70,000,000,000.00$.

Explanation

We can solve this problem using the concept of work rate. Let the total job of painting the house be $1$ unit of work.

Determining Uncle Udin's Work Rate

It is known that Father alone takes $20$ hours, so Father's work rate ($V_F$) is:

It is known that working together takes $4$ hours. If $V_U$ is Uncle Udin's work rate, then:

So, Uncle Udin can complete the job alone in $5$ hours.

Calculating Remaining Work

Father works alone for the first $8$ hours. The portion of work completed by Father is:

The remaining work to be done by Uncle Udin is:

Calculating Uncle Udin's Time

The time required for Uncle Udin to complete the remaining work is:

Thus, Uncle Udin needs 3 hours to complete the remaining work.

Explanation

We can solve this problem by calculating the total volume of water and dividing it by the combined flow rate of the three taps.

Calculating the Water Tank Volume

The water tank is cubic with a side length of $4 \text{ dm}$. The volume of the tank is:

Recall that $1 \text{ dm}^3 = 1 \text{ liter}$, so the volume of water in the tank is $64$ liters.

Calculating the Combined Flow Rate

Since all three taps are opened simultaneously, we sum the flow rates of each tap:

Calculating the Time

The time required ($t$) for the water to run out is the volume divided by the total flow rate:

Thus, the water in the tank will run out in 8 minutes.

Explanation

We can solve this problem using a system of linear inequalities.

Defining Variables

Let:

• $F =$ Father's age
• $M =$ Mother's age
• $C =$ Child's age

Translating Information into Mathematical Model

1. "The difference between Mother's and Father's ages is not more than 5 years":

   $$|F - M| \le 5$$

   This can be written as:

   $$-5 \le F - M \le 5$$

2. "The difference between Father's and their child's age is 35 years":

   $$F - C = 35 \Rightarrow F = C + 35$$

3. "The difference between Mother's and the child's age is x":

   $$x = M - C$$

   (We assume $M > C$ since Mother is definitely older than the child).

Solving the Inequality

Substitute $F = C + 35$ into the inequality:

Since $x = M - C$, the equation becomes:

Subtract $35$ from all sides:

Multiply all sides by $-1$ (remember, inequality signs reverse):

Thus, the correct value of $x$ is $30 \le x \le 40$.

Explanation

An analog clock (12-hour format) will show the same time as a normal clock again when the time difference reaches a multiple of 12 hours.

Converting Units to Minutes

Since the delay is given in minutes, we convert 12 hours into minutes:

Calculating the Required Time

It is known that the clock loses $5$ minutes every hour. We want to find how many hours ($n$) it takes for the total delay to reach $720$ minutes.

Thus, the clock will show the same time as a normal clock after 144 hours.

Explanation

To determine which number is greater, we will convert all options to a form similar to the problem, which is $0.44 \times \frac{17}{18}$. Note that $\frac{17}{18} = \frac{34}{36}$.

So, the comparison value is $0.44 \times \frac{34}{36}$.

Let's analyze each expression:

1. Analyzing $0.11 \times \frac{35}{9}$

   $$0.11 \times \frac{35}{9} = (0.11 \times 4) \times \left(\frac{35}{9} \times \frac{1}{4}\right) = 0.44 \times \frac{35}{36}$$

   Since $\frac{35}{36} > \frac{34}{36}$, this value is greater.

2. Analyzing $0.22 \times \frac{17}{9}$

   $$0.22 \times \frac{17}{9} = (0.22 \times 2) \times \left(\frac{17}{9} \times \frac{1}{2}\right) = 0.44 \times \frac{17}{18} = 0.44 \times \frac{34}{36}$$

   This value is equal.

3. Analyzing $0.33 \times \frac{34}{27}$

   $$0.33 \times \frac{34}{27} = \left(0.33 \times \frac{4}{3}\right) \times \left(\frac{34}{27} \times \frac{3}{4}\right) = 0.44 \times \frac{34}{36}$$

   This value is equal.

4. Analyzing $0.55 \times \frac{34}{45}$

   $$0.55 \times \frac{34}{45} = \left(0.55 \times \frac{4}{5}\right) \times \left(\frac{34}{45} \times \frac{5}{4}\right) = 0.44 \times \frac{34}{36}$$

   This value is equal.

5. Analyzing $0.66 \times \frac{17}{27}$

   $$0.66 \times \frac{17}{27} = \left(0.66 \times \frac{2}{3}\right) \times \left(\frac{17}{27} \times \frac{3}{2}\right) = 0.44 \times \frac{17}{18} = 0.44 \times \frac{34}{36}$$

   This value is equal.

Thus, the number that is greater is $0.11 \times \frac{35}{9}$.

Explanation

We need to find the value of $x$ that does not satisfy the inequality $\frac{144}{29} < x < 5$.

Analyzing the Lower Bound

First, let's rewrite the lower bound $\frac{144}{29}$ to make it easier to compare with the number 5.

So, the given inequality is:

This means that for $x$ to satisfy the condition, it must lie between $5 - \frac{1}{29}$ and $5$.

Analyzing the Options

We will convert each option into the form $5 - \frac{1}{n}$ and compare them.

1. Analyzing $\frac{139}{28}$

   $$\frac{139}{28} = \frac{140 - 1}{28} = 5 - \frac{1}{28}$$

   Let's compare $5 - \frac{1}{28}$ with the lower bound $5 - \frac{1}{29}$. Since $28 < 29$, we have $\frac{1}{28} > \frac{1}{29}$. Consequently, $5 - \frac{1}{28} < 5 - \frac{1}{29}$.

   This value is smaller than the lower bound, so it does not satisfy the inequality.

2. Analyzing $\frac{149}{30}$

   $$\frac{149}{30} = \frac{150 - 1}{30} = 5 - \frac{1}{30}$$

   Since $30 > 29$, we have $\frac{1}{30} < \frac{1}{29}$. Therefore, $5 - \frac{1}{30} > 5 - \frac{1}{29}$. This value satisfies the inequality.

3. Analyzing $\frac{154}{31}$

   $$\frac{154}{31} = \frac{155 - 1}{31} = 5 - \frac{1}{31}$$

   Since $31 > 29$, this value satisfies the inequality.

4. Analyzing $\frac{159}{32}$

   $$\frac{159}{32} = \frac{160 - 1}{32} = 5 - \frac{1}{32}$$

   Since $32 > 29$, this value satisfies the inequality.

5. Analyzing $\frac{164}{33}$

   $$\frac{164}{33} = \frac{165 - 1}{33} = 5 - \frac{1}{33}$$

   Since $33 > 29$, this value satisfies the inequality.

Conclusion

The only value that is not within the range $\frac{144}{29} < x < 5$ is $\frac{139}{28}$ because it is less than the lower bound.

Thus, the answer is $\frac{139}{28}$.

Explanation

The text discusses the government's responsibility in controlling and supervising herbal medicines, ranging from legal regulations and mandatory assessment/registration to prohibitions on unregistered medicines.

Analyzing the Options

1. First option: This is a hypothetical conditional statement, not a conclusion drawn directly from the text's content.
2. Second option: The text mentions Article 1 Number 9, whereas this option mentions Article 2 Number 9. Thus, it is incorrect.
3. Third option: This is a supporting fact or requirement mentioned in the text, but not the main conclusion covering the government's overall role.
4. Fourth option: This explains the purpose of the assessment and testing, not the overall conclusion.
5. Fifth option: This is the correct conclusion. The entire text explains how the government regulates every aspect of herbal medicines (control, supervision, assessment, to prohibitions on distribution and consumption).

Therefore, the core point is that the distribution and consumption of herbal medicines are inseparable from the government's regulatory and supervisory role.

Explanation

The question asks for an argument that strengthens the idea that instant noodles can be consumed well based on the text.

Text Analysis

The text provides two main points for consuming instant noodles safely or more healthily:

1. Must not be excessive (first sentence).
2. Processing tips, which include: replace boiling water, sauté with olive oil, don't use the included seasoning, add protein, and add vegetables.

Options Analysis

1. First option: Mentions "increasing body resistance," which is not in the text.
2. Second option: Combines the main condition "not in excess" and one of the specific tips "sautéed with olive oil." This is directly supported by the text.
3. Third option: Mentions "boosting the immune system," which is not mentioned as a direct effect in the text.
4. Fourth option: True that protein is needed, but the second option is more comprehensive as it covers the quantity aspect (not excessive) emphasized at the beginning of the text.
5. Fifth option: Concluding that instant noodles are "very good" as an alternative food is an over-claim not supported by the text.

Therefore, the argument most consistent with and supported by the text is consumption that is not excessive and uses processing tips such as sautéing with olive oil.

Explanation

The text explains the close relationship between nutritional adequacy and a child's physical growth.

Text Logic Analysis

1. Premise 1: Nutritional adequacy indicators are assessed primarily from growth.
2. Premise 2: Growth is assessed from weight gain and height gain.
3. Conclusion: Thus, nutritional status (and growth-related health) can be monitored through weight and height.

Options Analysis

1. First option: Uses the phrase "part of health" and only mentions "body weight," whereas the text emphasizes both weight and height together as main indicators.
2. Second option: The phrasing is slightly inverted. Weight and height are parameters to assess nutrition, not the other way around.
3. Third option: Only mentions "part of nutrition" and "can play a role," which is too weak compared to the text's emphasis on "assessed primarily."
4. Fourth option: Concludes comprehensively that health indicators (in the context of nutrition/growth) can be seen from nutritional adequacy manifested through weight and height. This summarizes the text's logical flow from Nutrition -> Growth -> Weight & Height.
5. Fifth option: States that indicators function to "control," whereas the text states indicators function to "assess" or monitor, not as a direct control tool.

Therefore, the conclusion that is most appropriate and covers the entire premise is the fourth option.

Explanation

The Director's argument states a causal relationship: Moving to a far location $\rightarrow$ Employees resign.

To weaken this argument, we need to find a statement showing that the relocation should not be a strong reason for employees to quit, or that there are other factors making employees stay despite the move.

Options Analysis

1. First option: "Employee homes are far from the company." This actually strengthens the argument that the new distant location burdens the employees.
2. Second option: "Employees are cared for by the company." If the company cares for its employees (e.g., ensures welfare, listens to aspirations, or provides supporting facilities), then logically employees would feel valued and would not easily resign just because of a relocation. This statement attacks the assumption that relocation immediately causes discomfort leading to resignation, as the "company care" factor mitigates those negative impacts.
3. Third option: "Employee families are far from the company." Irrelevant directly or could strengthen the reason for discomfort.
4. Fourth & Fifth options: Regarding transport incentives/fares. While logical, the option "cared for by the company" is more general and fundamental, covering all forms of care (including incentives, work comfort, etc.). In the context of this problem, the provided key answer focuses on the aspect of company care in general.

Therefore, the statement that employees are cared for by the company weakens the claim that relocation is the sole or valid main cause for the mass resignation.

Explanation

The question asks us to find the wrong conclusion based on the text, specifically if the premise is that the child consumes vegetables.

Analyzing the Options

1. First option: True. The text states vegetables (source of nutrition) contain magnesium and little glucose, and nutrition maintains growth and development.
2. Second option: True. The text states good nutritional intake can be obtained from vegetables.
3. Third option: True. The text states vegetables can be used as complementary food to ASI.
4. Fourth option: True. This describes the content of vegetables according to the text.
5. Fifth option: "Vegetables and fruits as child nutritional intake are able to improve health."
   • The text specifically mentions the goal is to "maintain perfect baby growth and development," not generally "improve health" (although related, text logic must be precise).
   • Furthermore, the question premise is "consumes vegetables," while this conclusion combines "vegetables and fruits" with the claim "improve health" which is not explicitly written as a direct result in the text.

Therefore, the fifth option is the most inaccurate or "wrong" conclusion when compared to the other options which are factually written in the text.

Explanation

This question asks us to determine the conclusion (or the statement with the most appropriate truth value) based on the text.

Options Analysis

1. First option: "It is definitely true that traditional clothing depicts a geographic region or historical time period."

   • The text uses the word "usually associated with a geographic region...". The word "usually" indicates high probability, but not absolute certainty ("definitely true"). There is a possibility of exceptions.

2. Second option: "It is possibly true that traditional clothing reflects a specific geographic culture."

   • Since the text states it is "usually associated with a geographic region," the statement that this is "possibly true" is a valid and logically safe conclusion (in fact, highly likely true). It does not violate the probability limits set by the word "usually."

3. Third option: "It is definitely false that traditional clothing is owned by a community that is a national cultural heritage."

   • This contradicts the text which explicitly links traditional clothing with "cultural traditions, heritage." So this statement is false.

4. Fourth option: "It is possibly false that weddings in a region wear traditional clothing to elevate social status."

   • The text states traditional clothing "can indicate social status, marital status." Thus, wearing it for that purpose is something that is possibly true/can happen, not "possibly false."

5. Fifth option: "The existence of traditional clothing in a certain region does not depict its culture."

   • This is contradictory to the text which mentions traditional clothing depicts "regional self-identity."

Therefore, the most logical option that aligns with the modality (level of certainty) of the text is the second option.