Problem 16

Explanation

Drawing a conclusion using Syllogism.

Let:

• $p$ = Activity has been carried out.
• $q$ = Activity report is submitted.
• $r$ = Employee honorarium is paid.

Premise 1: If the activity has been carried out, then the activity report is submitted ($p \rightarrow q$).

Premise 2: If the activity report is submitted, then the employee honorarium is paid ($q \rightarrow r$).

The conclusion from these two premises is $p \rightarrow r$. The statement $p \rightarrow r$ is equivalent to its contrapositive, which is $\sim r \rightarrow \sim p$.

Meaning: "If the employee honorarium is not paid, it means the activity has not been carried out."

Therefore, the most appropriate conclusion is if the employee's honorarium is not paid, it means the activity has not been carried out.